Iran
British/Russian Control of Iran
After WWII, Britain and Russia seized control of Iran in a mutual agreement to keep it out of Germany's control. Iran, previously named Persia, had always been desired for their natural resources. The area was divided into primarily two parts, Britain on one side, Russia on the other, with a neutrality buffer between them. Beginning in 1907, Iran became under the Sphere of Influence by this duo of controlling countries. Britain, then obtained obtained Iranian oil fields, which sparked nationalist revolt throughout Iran, in which Iran regained its oil field. This, and the coup d'etat of 1953, put an end to British and Russian sphere of influence.
Coup d'etat of 1953
In the 1950's, the United States was working all over the Eastern World to spread its policy of containment which was stopping and reversing the rise of communist governments which had become popular after WWII. In Iran, the CIA had its first successful coup. The United States placed spies in the Iranian government to work with the nation's highest ranking military leaders, and specifically devised a plan to overthrow the Prime Minister and replace him with one approved of by the USA. All the while, envoys were used to raise support for the Shah, Mohammad Reza, that the States had empowered, and bombings of the nation's civilians were done by Iranians (posing to be communists) sponsored by the United States. On the evening of the planned overthrow of the Prime Minister, multiple Iranian soldiers who were leading a campaign supporting Mohammad Reza, acted on their own and took control of the government, forcing all envoys sponsored by the USA to return the States, and the plan to remove and replace the Prime Minister fell through.
1979 Revolution
Heavily in support of the West, Mohammad Reza, implemented the White Revolution. This, was a plan to modernize Iran so it could catch up to the world superpowers. But, to do this, Reza began removing aspects of the Islamic religion from a society heavily immersed in religion (making it a secular state). For many faithful Muslims, Reza’s course of action angered them, but they were powerless to fight back due to Reza’s secret police the SAVAK, who treated any opposers of Reza harshly. A strong opposer of Reza’s white Revolution was an Islamic religious leader named Ayatollah Khomeini. Exiled, Khomeini sent recordings of his messages to be smuggled into Iran and shared with his supporters. In 1978 the civilian unrest Khomeini had created riots within the streets of Iran, causing the shah to flee. Finally returning from exile, Khomeini took the position of leadership,banned Western influence and made Iran an Islamic State. He also spread his hate of the U.S. after the banished shah found refuge in the U.S.'s borders.
Hostage Crisis
Now in power, Ayatollah Khomeini in opposition of the shah, not only implemented a government based off of the Islamic religion, but shared his hatred for the U.S. with his people. Then the U.S. allowed the banished shah, to come to the U.S. for medical assistance. This was the boiling point for Khomeini and his people who had had years of built up bitterness for the U.S. In support of Ayatollah and the Iranian Revolution students went to the U.S. embassy, and took hostage over sixty people, fifty two of which were not released until four hundred and forty four days after their capture. Although their shah was never returned, Iran's actions did hurt the U.S. It affected not only the presidential election, but left many captives traumatized by their captivity.
Modern Iran
After Khomeini died in 1989, the government removed the previous single Prime Minister as a position from office, and replaced him with a council of ministers who each specialize in different aspects of the government. Another major change following the death of Khomeini was the creation of a president who led the executive branch of the government. The president is popular amongst the people, since he is elected, but is only ranking second in power behind the Supreme Leader who reigns above. The Supreme Leader is in control of all military action and "...
he sets the tone and direction of Iran's domestic and foreign policies.." He has the power in himself and himself only to begin a war for the country, or end a war that he feels is no longer necessary to be fighting, withdrawing Iranian forces with the command of his word. The Supreme Leader is also an Ayatollah always, meaning that at the head of Iranian government is a religious leader. Although the country has democratized over the past several decades and has turned its policies in the direction that mimics that of Western nations, but it is yet to remove the nation's main religion from office and separate it from State like the United States has done.
Because of this, the U.S.A. classifies Iran to be a terrorist nation because of its open policies towards allowing any Muslims to come and go from the country as they please. This opens the door for Islam extremists, and the small group of Muslim terrorists that exist, to train and live within the borders of Iran. Although the United States hopes to have good relations with the middle- eastern country, it is hard to establish these relations with the way the Iranian government is run with religion leading the State.
Level A: "The Cold War forced others to align with a superpower ideologically, economically, or militarily".
The main cause of the Cold War was the conflicting views of government between Russia and the U.S.. The U.S. believed in a policy of containment, or stopping the spread of communism, which Russia practiced. Russia at this this time was trying to spread communism. This is where the conflict arose. Believing in containment, the U.S. aligned itself with Third World countries like Iran ideologically, economically and militarily to stop Russia from doing it first. Ideologically, the U.S. intervened in Iran by supporting Muhammad Reza, a man who highly believed in Westernization and advancement in industry, such as the U.S.. After a successful coup orchestrated by the U.S. Reza was made ruler, and Iran adjusted to be in support of the U.S. more than Russia. This meant that their government, and economy became closer to the U.S.'s. In their government, a divide between religion (which had ruled their country for years), and state was beginning to form. The economy was changing to match the industrial U.S.. Militarily, the U.S's CIA helped forge the SAVAK in Iran, making them have a secret police just like the U.S.. If, the Cold War had never been, then the U.S. wouldn't have had felt the same need to to become involved within the internal affairs of Iran, ideologically, economically, or militarily, and make them match their own.
Level B: " U.S. intervention in the Third World after WWII caused contempt and bitterness among Third World citizens."
After WWII, the U.S. adopted a policy of containment, in an attempt to stop the spread of Communism. Soviet Russia, opposite of the U.S., was trying to spread their Communist government, and was a Sphere of Influence over Iran. To avoid Iran from falling under the Soviets influence, the U.S. involved itself within Iran affairs, and was able to have a successful coup, in which the existing leader was removed and Mohammad Reza, a supporter of Western culture elements was made leader. But he, to the dislike of the Iranian people was making Iran a secular country, and in support of his White Revolution used a secret police the U.S. had helped create, called the SAVAK to instill fear within his people to stop revolt. Ayatollah Khomeini, knew of the pain that citizens were going through because of U.S. intervention,spread his hate of the U.S. with them and caused civilian unrest, until the revolution of 1979. After fleeing,Reza, hated by the Iran people, was given medical assistance within the U.S., causing the bitterness for the U.S. in Iran to reach an all time high. In result, 52 U.S. embassy workers were taken hostage, and kept for 444 days, only returned after the U.S. gave military assistance to Iran in their war against Iraq.
Level C: "Global politics, economics, society and cultures are interrelated."
Within the term "global politics" one can infer that this means the relations between two or more countries in a political manner. All countries are looking out for themselves and their allies only, with hopes of prospering, as everyone around the globe hopes for. This encompasses economics into global politics as well. Each country makes an attempt to thrive economically, executing whatever deals and exportation necessary to do so. Ways of increasing the wealth of a nation include selling land, creating foreign businesses, taking over places with abundances of natural resources, all of which the governments perform verbally and through treaties and agreements with other nations also hoping to gain wealth. At some point, global politics turns into a massive system of allying regions who work to protect their people and their people's society. With money, the citizens of a country are happy, safe, and at bay (usually). A nation would be nothing without its people, which makes keeping its people happily within the country through the use of money that is gained from the teaming up of multiple governments. These governments are needed to be trusted in order to gain the support of the people, which is where culture works its way into the scenario. Governments appeal to and back the culture of the people that they house in a system of mutuality. Whether religion and direct beliefs are at the head of the government, or written between the lines of every executive speech ever given, culture is what allows the government to be trusted. All of these terms are interrelated through the common goal of making one's country successful and its people happy, and each term would not be in place without the others there to keep it in place since the balance is so delicate.
After WWII, Britain and Russia seized control of Iran in a mutual agreement to keep it out of Germany's control. Iran, previously named Persia, had always been desired for their natural resources. The area was divided into primarily two parts, Britain on one side, Russia on the other, with a neutrality buffer between them. Beginning in 1907, Iran became under the Sphere of Influence by this duo of controlling countries. Britain, then obtained obtained Iranian oil fields, which sparked nationalist revolt throughout Iran, in which Iran regained its oil field. This, and the coup d'etat of 1953, put an end to British and Russian sphere of influence.
Coup d'etat of 1953
In the 1950's, the United States was working all over the Eastern World to spread its policy of containment which was stopping and reversing the rise of communist governments which had become popular after WWII. In Iran, the CIA had its first successful coup. The United States placed spies in the Iranian government to work with the nation's highest ranking military leaders, and specifically devised a plan to overthrow the Prime Minister and replace him with one approved of by the USA. All the while, envoys were used to raise support for the Shah, Mohammad Reza, that the States had empowered, and bombings of the nation's civilians were done by Iranians (posing to be communists) sponsored by the United States. On the evening of the planned overthrow of the Prime Minister, multiple Iranian soldiers who were leading a campaign supporting Mohammad Reza, acted on their own and took control of the government, forcing all envoys sponsored by the USA to return the States, and the plan to remove and replace the Prime Minister fell through.
1979 Revolution
Heavily in support of the West, Mohammad Reza, implemented the White Revolution. This, was a plan to modernize Iran so it could catch up to the world superpowers. But, to do this, Reza began removing aspects of the Islamic religion from a society heavily immersed in religion (making it a secular state). For many faithful Muslims, Reza’s course of action angered them, but they were powerless to fight back due to Reza’s secret police the SAVAK, who treated any opposers of Reza harshly. A strong opposer of Reza’s white Revolution was an Islamic religious leader named Ayatollah Khomeini. Exiled, Khomeini sent recordings of his messages to be smuggled into Iran and shared with his supporters. In 1978 the civilian unrest Khomeini had created riots within the streets of Iran, causing the shah to flee. Finally returning from exile, Khomeini took the position of leadership,banned Western influence and made Iran an Islamic State. He also spread his hate of the U.S. after the banished shah found refuge in the U.S.'s borders.
Hostage Crisis
Now in power, Ayatollah Khomeini in opposition of the shah, not only implemented a government based off of the Islamic religion, but shared his hatred for the U.S. with his people. Then the U.S. allowed the banished shah, to come to the U.S. for medical assistance. This was the boiling point for Khomeini and his people who had had years of built up bitterness for the U.S. In support of Ayatollah and the Iranian Revolution students went to the U.S. embassy, and took hostage over sixty people, fifty two of which were not released until four hundred and forty four days after their capture. Although their shah was never returned, Iran's actions did hurt the U.S. It affected not only the presidential election, but left many captives traumatized by their captivity.
Modern Iran
After Khomeini died in 1989, the government removed the previous single Prime Minister as a position from office, and replaced him with a council of ministers who each specialize in different aspects of the government. Another major change following the death of Khomeini was the creation of a president who led the executive branch of the government. The president is popular amongst the people, since he is elected, but is only ranking second in power behind the Supreme Leader who reigns above. The Supreme Leader is in control of all military action and "...
he sets the tone and direction of Iran's domestic and foreign policies.." He has the power in himself and himself only to begin a war for the country, or end a war that he feels is no longer necessary to be fighting, withdrawing Iranian forces with the command of his word. The Supreme Leader is also an Ayatollah always, meaning that at the head of Iranian government is a religious leader. Although the country has democratized over the past several decades and has turned its policies in the direction that mimics that of Western nations, but it is yet to remove the nation's main religion from office and separate it from State like the United States has done.
Because of this, the U.S.A. classifies Iran to be a terrorist nation because of its open policies towards allowing any Muslims to come and go from the country as they please. This opens the door for Islam extremists, and the small group of Muslim terrorists that exist, to train and live within the borders of Iran. Although the United States hopes to have good relations with the middle- eastern country, it is hard to establish these relations with the way the Iranian government is run with religion leading the State.
Level A: "The Cold War forced others to align with a superpower ideologically, economically, or militarily".
The main cause of the Cold War was the conflicting views of government between Russia and the U.S.. The U.S. believed in a policy of containment, or stopping the spread of communism, which Russia practiced. Russia at this this time was trying to spread communism. This is where the conflict arose. Believing in containment, the U.S. aligned itself with Third World countries like Iran ideologically, economically and militarily to stop Russia from doing it first. Ideologically, the U.S. intervened in Iran by supporting Muhammad Reza, a man who highly believed in Westernization and advancement in industry, such as the U.S.. After a successful coup orchestrated by the U.S. Reza was made ruler, and Iran adjusted to be in support of the U.S. more than Russia. This meant that their government, and economy became closer to the U.S.'s. In their government, a divide between religion (which had ruled their country for years), and state was beginning to form. The economy was changing to match the industrial U.S.. Militarily, the U.S's CIA helped forge the SAVAK in Iran, making them have a secret police just like the U.S.. If, the Cold War had never been, then the U.S. wouldn't have had felt the same need to to become involved within the internal affairs of Iran, ideologically, economically, or militarily, and make them match their own.
Level B: " U.S. intervention in the Third World after WWII caused contempt and bitterness among Third World citizens."
After WWII, the U.S. adopted a policy of containment, in an attempt to stop the spread of Communism. Soviet Russia, opposite of the U.S., was trying to spread their Communist government, and was a Sphere of Influence over Iran. To avoid Iran from falling under the Soviets influence, the U.S. involved itself within Iran affairs, and was able to have a successful coup, in which the existing leader was removed and Mohammad Reza, a supporter of Western culture elements was made leader. But he, to the dislike of the Iranian people was making Iran a secular country, and in support of his White Revolution used a secret police the U.S. had helped create, called the SAVAK to instill fear within his people to stop revolt. Ayatollah Khomeini, knew of the pain that citizens were going through because of U.S. intervention,spread his hate of the U.S. with them and caused civilian unrest, until the revolution of 1979. After fleeing,Reza, hated by the Iran people, was given medical assistance within the U.S., causing the bitterness for the U.S. in Iran to reach an all time high. In result, 52 U.S. embassy workers were taken hostage, and kept for 444 days, only returned after the U.S. gave military assistance to Iran in their war against Iraq.
Level C: "Global politics, economics, society and cultures are interrelated."
Within the term "global politics" one can infer that this means the relations between two or more countries in a political manner. All countries are looking out for themselves and their allies only, with hopes of prospering, as everyone around the globe hopes for. This encompasses economics into global politics as well. Each country makes an attempt to thrive economically, executing whatever deals and exportation necessary to do so. Ways of increasing the wealth of a nation include selling land, creating foreign businesses, taking over places with abundances of natural resources, all of which the governments perform verbally and through treaties and agreements with other nations also hoping to gain wealth. At some point, global politics turns into a massive system of allying regions who work to protect their people and their people's society. With money, the citizens of a country are happy, safe, and at bay (usually). A nation would be nothing without its people, which makes keeping its people happily within the country through the use of money that is gained from the teaming up of multiple governments. These governments are needed to be trusted in order to gain the support of the people, which is where culture works its way into the scenario. Governments appeal to and back the culture of the people that they house in a system of mutuality. Whether religion and direct beliefs are at the head of the government, or written between the lines of every executive speech ever given, culture is what allows the government to be trusted. All of these terms are interrelated through the common goal of making one's country successful and its people happy, and each term would not be in place without the others there to keep it in place since the balance is so delicate.
Timeline
iran.docx | |
File Size: | 42 kb |
File Type: | docx |
Made By Victoria Pike and Harry Lancaster